This paper examines the concept of authentic
folklore
as it is portrayed by various Russian folk ensembles
performing in Russia today. The paper is part of a larger study on the
folklore revival movement from the 1960s to the present in Russia. My
conclusions are based on my interpretations of performances (viewed
live in Moscow and other cities in fall/winter 1998/99, and also
earlier performances viewed on videotape) and interviews with
performers, choreographers, musical directors, and folklorists
(conducted in fall/winter 1998/99).
Using video and audio materials, I will illustrate three main approaches to performing authentic folklore on stage. These methods are used by members of the folklore revival movement to increase public awareness of ancient Russian village traditions. The first approach, which has been in use since the 1970s, involves bringing village dwellers to a city to perform their local folklore style. These groups are often groomed by a folklorist who may make recommendations about repertoire and presentation, and may appear onstage to comment on their performance. Two other approaches involve city dwellers who perform authentic folklore as professional, amateur, or student ensembles. Of these groups, some strive to perform only music, dance, and rituals as they might have been practiced for generations in particular villages. Other groups are more attentive to the demands of modern audiences. These often take their repertoire from all over Russia (not limiting themselves to a specific region), and include modern arrangements of old songs, staged scenes, or choreographed dances.
In analyzing these approaches, my focus will be on elucidating the
conceptions of authenticity which inform them. Given that
authentic
folklore is a central concept in this
movement, what various definitions of authenticity exist? Finally, I
wish to suggest some of the ideological implications of these
approaches: What messages about tradition and national identity are
these groups sending, and why?